Among the many differences between older social software and post-Facebook social software is the peculiar flatness of the newer platforms. Older tools — recognizing that the user of social software is the group, not the individual — empowered those invested in health of communities with tools to help keep the community healthy. Effective social software was oriented not toward the average member of a community, but toward the community’s stewards. That’s why, for example, Wikipedia foregrounds to users an array of information useful to making quick judgments about editors, edits, and claims on articles’ History tab. It’s why the bread and butter of community blogging systems was different levels of trusted user status, and why BBS tools showcased moderation features over user capabilities.
Platforms split community management from community activity, and we’re still feeling the effects of that. Wikipedia has a half dozen different access levels and at least a dozen specialized roles. Twitter has one role: user. But even though specialized formal roles don’t exist, different patterns of influence do, and this has been woefully underutilized in the fight against misinformation.
That’s why my prediction for the coming year is that at least one platform will engage with its most influential users, giving them access to special tools and training to identify and contextualize sources and claims in their feeds. This will allow platforms to split the difference between a clutter-free onboarding for Aunt Jane and a full-featured verification and sourcing interface for users whose every retweet goes out to hundreds of thousands of people, or whose page or group serves as an information hub for users and activists. These tools and training will also eventually be released to the general public, though for the general public, they will default to off.
Until recently, most online communities put resources into making sure that those with influence had tools to exercise that influence responsibly, built right into the main interface. It’s time for platforms to follow suit.
And here’s a bonus prediction, this one for online information literacy. Over the past few years, much of the focus in infolit has been on trustworthiness, truth, and bias. While the truth sometimes is clear cut, and the intentions of those working in media literacy are good, putting these things at the core of any large public initiative can be problematic. Trustworthiness, for example, is often seen through an explicit news agenda, where journalistic processes are seen as a platonic ideal to which other types of information should aspire. Bias, if anything, ends up being too powerful a tool, allowing students to filter out almost any publication as unworthy of their attention.
For the past several years, we’ve been taking a different tack. We’ve been asking students a simple question: What context should you have before engaging with a particular piece of content? And if you share this content, what context should you provide to those with whom you share?
While we’ve been doing this for its pedagogical benefits, a recent public project has made me realize that it is an approach uniquely sensitive to community values, and, as such may provide a starting point for broad educational initiatives. Truth is a battleground, trustworthiness a minefield. Yet even in these divided times, most people agree that one should know the relevant context of what one reads and shares. It’s as close to a universal value as we have these days.
Because these issues will become more salient as broader adoption is pursued, I predict that online information literacy initiatives will begin to pivot from trust as an organizing principle to the reconstruction of missing context.
Mike Caulfield is head of the Digital Polarization Initiative of the American Democracy Project.
Among the many differences between older social software and post-Facebook social software is the peculiar flatness of the newer platforms. Older tools — recognizing that the user of social software is the group, not the individual — empowered those invested in health of communities with tools to help keep the community healthy. Effective social software was oriented not toward the average member of a community, but toward the community’s stewards. That’s why, for example, Wikipedia foregrounds to users an array of information useful to making quick judgments about editors, edits, and claims on articles’ History tab. It’s why the bread and butter of community blogging systems was different levels of trusted user status, and why BBS tools showcased moderation features over user capabilities.
Platforms split community management from community activity, and we’re still feeling the effects of that. Wikipedia has a half dozen different access levels and at least a dozen specialized roles. Twitter has one role: user. But even though specialized formal roles don’t exist, different patterns of influence do, and this has been woefully underutilized in the fight against misinformation.
That’s why my prediction for the coming year is that at least one platform will engage with its most influential users, giving them access to special tools and training to identify and contextualize sources and claims in their feeds. This will allow platforms to split the difference between a clutter-free onboarding for Aunt Jane and a full-featured verification and sourcing interface for users whose every retweet goes out to hundreds of thousands of people, or whose page or group serves as an information hub for users and activists. These tools and training will also eventually be released to the general public, though for the general public, they will default to off.
Until recently, most online communities put resources into making sure that those with influence had tools to exercise that influence responsibly, built right into the main interface. It’s time for platforms to follow suit.
And here’s a bonus prediction, this one for online information literacy. Over the past few years, much of the focus in infolit has been on trustworthiness, truth, and bias. While the truth sometimes is clear cut, and the intentions of those working in media literacy are good, putting these things at the core of any large public initiative can be problematic. Trustworthiness, for example, is often seen through an explicit news agenda, where journalistic processes are seen as a platonic ideal to which other types of information should aspire. Bias, if anything, ends up being too powerful a tool, allowing students to filter out almost any publication as unworthy of their attention.
For the past several years, we’ve been taking a different tack. We’ve been asking students a simple question: What context should you have before engaging with a particular piece of content? And if you share this content, what context should you provide to those with whom you share?
While we’ve been doing this for its pedagogical benefits, a recent public project has made me realize that it is an approach uniquely sensitive to community values, and, as such may provide a starting point for broad educational initiatives. Truth is a battleground, trustworthiness a minefield. Yet even in these divided times, most people agree that one should know the relevant context of what one reads and shares. It’s as close to a universal value as we have these days.
Because these issues will become more salient as broader adoption is pursued, I predict that online information literacy initiatives will begin to pivot from trust as an organizing principle to the reconstruction of missing context.
Mike Caulfield is head of the Digital Polarization Initiative of the American Democracy Project.
Seth C. Lewis 20 questions for 2020
Rachel Davis Mersey The business of local TV news will enter its downward slide
Heidi Tworek The year of positive pushback
Cory Haik We’re already consuming the future of news — now we have to produce it
Alfred Hermida and Mary Lynn Young The promise of nonprofit journalism
Doris Truong The year of radical salary transparency
Sarah Stonbely More people start caring about news inequality
Bill Adair A Nobel Prize, a Brad Pitt film, and a Taylor Swift song
Alice Antheaume Trade “politics” for “power”
Logan Molyneux and Shannon McGregor Think twice before turning to Twitter
Sarah Marshall The year to learn about news moments
Jasmine McNealy A call for context
Joe Amditis Collaborative journalism takes its rightful place at the table
Francesco Zaffarano TikTok without generational prejudice
Steve Henn The dawning audio web
Brenda P. Salinas Treating MP3 files like text
Anthony Nadler Clash of Clans: Election Edition
Alana Levinson Brand-backed media gets another look
Nico Gendron Make better products if you want to reach Gen Z
Joanne McNeil A return to blogs (finally? sort of?)
Heather Bryant Some kinds of journalism aren’t worth saving
Elizabeth Hansen and Jesse Holcomb Local news initiatives run into a capital shortage
Monica Drake A renewed focus on misinformation
Elizabeth Dunbar Frank talk, and then action
Fiona Spruill The climate crisis gets the coverage it deserves
Raney Aronson-Rath News deserts will proliferate — but so will new solutions
Jonas Kaiser Russian bots are just today’s slacktivists
Kourtney Bitterly Transparency isn’t just a desire, it’s an expectation
Errin Haines Race and gender aren’t a 2020 story — they’re the story
M. Scott Havens First-party data becomes media’s most important currency
Carl Bialik Journalists will try running the whole shop
Richard Tofel A constraint of the reader-revenue model emerges
John Garrett It’s the best time in a century to start a local news organization
Mario García Think small (screen)
Alexandra Borchardt Get out of the office and talk to people
Sarah Alvarez I’m ready for post-news
Sarah Schmalbach Journalist, quantify thyself
Michael W. Wagner Increasingly fractured, but little bit deliberative
Ben Werdmuller Use the tools of journalism to save it
Catalina Albeanu Rebuilding journalism, together
Candis Callison Taking a cue from Indigenous journalists on climate change
John Keefe Journalism gets hacked
Meredith Artley Stronger solidarity among news organizations
Josh Schwartz Publishers move beyond the metered paywall
Linda Solomon Wood Everyone in your organization, moving toward a common goal
Jim Brady We’ll complain about other people living in bubbles while ignoring our own
Jeremy Gilbert and Jarrod Dicker A call for collaboration between storytelling and tech
Hossein Derakhshan AI can’t conjure up an Errol Morris
Nushin Rashidian Are platforms a bridge or a lifeline?
Mike Caulfield Native verification tools for the blue checkmark crowd
Jennifer Brandel A love letter from the year 2073
Tom Glaisyer Journalism can emerge newly vibrant and powerful
Peter Bale Lies get further normalized
Sue Robinson Campaign coverage as test bed for engagement experiments
Mary Walter-Brown and Tristan Loper Power to the people (on your audience team)
Lauren Duca The rise of the journalistic influencer
Barbara Gray Join local libraries on the frontlines of civic engagement
Rachel Glickhouse Journalists get left behind in the industry’s decline
Kevin D. Grant The free press stands against authoritarians’ attacks on truth
Colleen Shalby Journalists become media literacy teachers
Joni Deutsch Podcasting unsilences the silent
Emily Withrow The year we kill the news article
Matt DeRienzo Local broadcasters begin to fill the gaps left by newspapers
Jeff Kofman Speed through technology
Beena Raghavendran The year of the local engagement reporter
Ståle Grut OSINT journalism goes mainstream
Rachel Schallom The value of push alerts goes beyond open rates
Tamar Charney From broadcast to bespoke
Greg Emerson News apps fall further behind
Matthew Pressman News consumers divide into haves and have-nots
S. Mitra Kalita The race to 2021
Logan Jaffe You don’t need fancy tools to listen
Knight Foundation Five generations of journalists, learning from each other
Helen Havlak Platforms shine a light on original reporting
Dan Shanoff Sports media enters the Bronny era
Kathleen Searles Pay more attention to attention
Geneva Overholser Death to bothsidesism
Annie Rudd The expanded ambiguity of the news photograph
Lucas Graves A smarter conversation about how (and why) fact-checking matters
Zizi Papacharissi A president leads, the press follows, reality fades
Whitney Phillips A time to question core beliefs
Tonya Mosley The neutrality vs. objectivity game ends
Carrie Brown Engaged journalism: It’s finally happening
Rasmus Kleis Nielsen The business we want, not the business we had
Meg Marco Everything happens somewhere
Nathalie Malinarich Betting on loyalty
Eric Nuzum Podcasting finally creates another mega-hit show
Jakob Moll A slow-moving tech backlash among young people
Joshua P. Darr All that campaign cash will make the media’s problems worse
Cindy Royal Prepare media students for skills, not job titles
Stefanie Murray Charitable giving goes collaborative
Victor Pickard We reclaim a public good
Juleyka Lantigua A changing industry amps up podcasters’ ambitions
Masuma Ahuja Slower, quieter, more measured and thoughtful
Gordon Crovitz Fighting misinformation requires journalism, not secret algorithms
Don Day Respect the non-paying audience
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Dannagal G. Young Let’s disrupt the logic that’s driving Americans apart
Madelyn Sanfilippo and Yafit Lev-Aretz News coverage gets geo-fragmented
Rick Berke Incoming fire from both left and right
Brian Moritz The end of “stick to sports”
Monique Judge The year to organize, unionize, and fight
Cristina Kim Public media stops trying to serve “everybody”
Felix Salmon Spotify launches a news channel
A.J. Bauer A fork in the road for conservative media
AX Mina The Forum we wanted, the forum we got
Mira Lowe The year of student-powered journalism
Sara K. Baranowski A big year for little newspapers
Ernie Smith The death of the industry fad
J. Siguru Wahutu Western journalists, learn from your African peers
Craig Newmark Formalizing newsrooms’ battle against disinformation
Margarita Noriega The platforms try to figure out what to do with single-subject newsrooms
Irving Washington Leadership isn’t something you learn on the job
Kerri Hoffman Opening closed systems
Simon Galperin Journalism becomes more democratic
Tanya Cordrey Saying no to more good ideas
Mariana Moura Santos The future of journalism is collaborative
Pablo Boczkowski The day after November 4
Sonali Prasad Climate change storytelling gets multidimensional
Laura E. Davis Know the context your journalism is operating within
Bill Grueskin Our ethics codes get an overhaul
Nicholas Jackson What’s left of local gets comfortable with reader support
Kristen Muller The year we operationalize community engagement
Christa Scharfenberg It’s time to make journalism a field that supports and respects women
Jake Shapiro Podcasting gets listener relationship management